炎炎夏日，如何降温避暑自古就是一件令人头痛的事。当你享受着空调、电风扇和冰激凌时，有没有想过一个问题：在没有电的时代，古人是怎样避暑降温的呢？
Scorching summer days have always made staying cool a challenge. While we now enjoy the luxury of air conditioning, electric fans, and ice cream, have you ever wondered: how did people beat the heat in ancient times—when there was no electricity?
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中国古人的避暑方法，充分体现了人与自然的和谐相处。一把扇子摇出清风，一碟冰酪品出滋味，一座凉殿藏尽巧思——这些巧思，现在提起来都让人啧啧称赞。
Ancient Chinese methods of staying cool reflect a deep harmony between people and nature. A simple fan could summon a breeze, a bowl of chilled dessert offered refreshment, and specially designed summer pavilions showcased ingenious craftsmanship—all of these time-honored techniques still draw admiration today.
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今天，就让我们一起穿越时空，看看老祖宗们的避暑妙招吧！
Let’s take a journey back in time to explore the ancient Chinese secrets of summer survival!
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古人的智慧超乎你想象！在没有电的时代，他们创造了许多既环保又有效的避暑方法：
The ingenuity of ancient Chinese people might surprise you! Long before modern technology, they developed clever, eco-friendly ways to keep cool:
扇子：随身携带的清凉
Fans: A Portable Breeze
普通百姓主要靠竹编扇子纳凉，古人亲切地称它为“摇风”，又叫“凉友”。文人墨客喜欢在扇面上写诗作画，让扇风多了几分雅致。有钱人家更享受——仆人手持大扇子为主人扇风，这可是古代版“人工风扇”呢。
For the average person, hand-woven bamboo fans—affectionately called yaofeng (“wind shaker”) or liangyou (“cool companion”)—were a summer staple. Scholars would paint or write poetry on fan surfaces, blending elegance with function. In wealthier households, servants would fan their masters with large fans, an early version of the “manual air conditioner”.
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冰块：古代的“空调”
Ice Blocks:
The Ancient Air Conditioner
没有电冰箱怎么办？古人冬天就备好夏天的清凉！他们在头年冬天把天然形成的冰块贮藏在地窖或冰窖里，到了盛夏再取出摆在屋内。冰块融化时散发的凉气，“不消耗能源，不污染环境”，效果堪比空调！到明清时期，普通百姓家也能享受这份清凉了。
What if there was no refrigerator? Ancient Chinese people prepared for summer in advance. In winter, they stored naturally formed ice in underground cellars or icehouses. During the peak of summer, they’d bring out the ice to cool their homes. As the ice melted, it released cool air—clean, energy-free, and remarkably effective. By the Ming and Qing dynasties, even common households could enjoy this icy comfort.
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凉屋：古代豪宅的“中央空调”
Cooling Chambers:
Ancient Central AC
唐朝的宫殿里有神奇“凉殿”——中央安装机械传动制冷设备，利用冷水循环原理，用扇轮转摇，把冷气送入殿中。宋代更厉害：冷水被送上屋顶沿屋檐流下，形成“人造水帘”，激起阵阵凉气。达官贵人们的私家“凉屋”还会摆放花卉，清凉又养眼。
During the Tang dynasty, imperial palaces featured cooling halls powered by water-driven fans and mechanical systems that circulated cold air—like an early form of central air conditioning. In the Song dynasty, rooftops were designed to channel cold water along the eaves, creating artificial “water curtains” that cooled the air. Elite families even added flowering plants to these cool rooms for a refreshing and scenic escape.
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亲近自然：最原始的避暑法
Embracing Nature: The Most Primitive Cooling Method
普通人会上山挖洞避暑，或者直接下河洗澡。有钱人家则在庭院建凉亭、修露天水池，在夜晚或阴凉时享受清凉。这些方法至今还在一些乡村地区使用呢。
Common folk might retreat into caves or bathe in rivers to escape the heat. Wealthier families built garden pavilions or outdoor pools to relax in the shade or enjoy a cool breeze at night. Some of these methods are still used in rural areas today.
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古人的夏季美食既美味又养生：
Ancient Chinese summer foods were not only delicious but also health-conscious:
冰镇瓜果
Chilled Melons and Fruits
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瓜类是消暑必备之物，上海师范大学人文学院教授王宏超介绍，元人欧阳原功的《渔家傲》词写北京六月间的情形：“六月都城偏昼永，辘轱声动浮瓜井”，说的是把西瓜放在井里，待吃的时候捞出来，清脆甘甜。古人还能用冰块来冰镇瓜果。
Melons were a summer essential. Professor Wang Hongchao from Shanghai Normal University shares that Yuan Dynasty poet Ouyang Yuangong once wrote in Fisherman’s Pride about Beijing in June:“During the long summer days in the capital, the rumble of pulleys echoes from the well of chilled melons”—a reference to watermelons being cooled in wells, then retrieved for eating, crisp and sweet.
透心凉的冷饮
Refreshing Cold Drinks
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南宋临安，也就是现在的杭州，每到夏天，夜市冷饮店出售的果汁类饮品多达数十种，常要营业到半夜三更才结束。那时候已经开始吃各种冰激凌了，这个发明是用果汁、奶和冰块调制而成的“冰酪”。
In Southern Song-era Lin’an (modern-day Hangzhou)， people were already enjoying a form of ice cream called binglao—a chilled dessert made from fruit juice, milk, and ice. In summer, night markets offered dozens of fruit drinks and stayed open late into the night。
酸酸甜甜的滋味
Sweet and Sour Treats
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北京人爱喝酸梅汤，酸梅加冰糖煮成，调玫瑰香。江南小孩花一枚铜钱买三五颗盐渍梅子，酸得挤眉弄眼也不肯吐。汉代已有蜜水，口感类似于现在的雪碧，而唐代则流行用草药或果品熬制的“饮子”。
Beijing locals loved suanmeitang (sour plum juice)， made by boiling sour plums with rock sugar and rose essence. In the Jiangnan region, children would spend a copper coin on salted plums, puckering their faces from the sourness but refusing to spit them out. The Han dynasty already had honey water, similar to modern Sprite, and the Tang dynasty enjoyed yinzi, herbal or fruit-based cooling drinks.
养生汤品
Herbal Summer Soups
在明清时期的夏天，家家户户的消暑法宝还有一碗清甜的莲子绿豆汤！ 莲子安神，绿豆解毒，再添上几片百合——这碗穿越百年的“东方特饮”，至今仍是人们夏季消暑的得力助手。
In the summers of the Ming and Qing dynasties, a bowl of sweet lotus seed and mung bean soup was also a must-have for every household to beat the heat! Lotus seeds can calm the nerves, and mung beans can expel toxins. Add a few slices of lily to the soup. This "oriental special drink" that has traveled through centuries is still a great helper for people to cool off in summer till today.
爽口凉面
Cold Noodles
爽口凉面唐代叫“冷淘”，面条过冷水后拌芝麻酱、醋、蒜泥，配上黄瓜丝，宋代更发展出甘菊冷淘、银丝冷淘等花样。
In the Tang dynasty, cold noodles were known as lengtao, these noodles were rinsed in cold water, then mixed with sesame paste, vinegar, and minced garlic, topped with shredded cucumber. The Song dynasty introduced even fancier versions like chrysanthemum-flavored noodles and silver-thread cold noodles.
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编辑：李秋莹
