2025年底，上海宣布成立中国首个太空计算联合实验室。这一消息如同一颗投入科技湖面的石子，激起层层涟漪：太空计算是什么？中国在这一领域又取得了怎样的进展？今天，我们就带大家揭开这个“未来实验室”的神秘面纱。
By the end of 2025, Shanghai will establish China’s first Space Computing Joint Laboratory. This announcement has caused a ripple in the tech world: What exactly is space computing? What progress has China made in this field? Today, let’s explore the mystery behind this “future laboratory”.
太空计算实验室：
把计算机“搬”到天上
Space Computing Laboratory:
Moving Computers into Space
简单来说，太空计算实验室就是要在太空中建立一个“超级计算机群”，让算力突破地球物理限制，直接在轨道上处理数据。
In simple terms, a space computing laboratory aims to build a “supercomputer cluster” in space, allowing computing power to break through Earth’s physical limitations and process data directly in orbit.
为什么需要这样做？
Why is this necessary?
当前，我们生活中非常火热的人工智能、气候条件、基因测序等等任务对算力的需求增长非常快，但地面数据中心在发展中面临了几大难题。
Currently, tasks such as artificial intelligence, climate modeling, and gene sequencing, which are booming in our daily lives, have an ever-growing demand for computing power. However, ground-based data centers face several challenges in their development.
能源消耗大：国际能源署2025年报告显示，2024年全球数据中心耗电已达415太瓦时，约占全球用电总量的1.5%。中国信通院预测，未来10年全球算力需求将达到当下的70倍以上。
High energy consumption: According to the International Energy Agency’s 2025 report, global data centers consumed 415 TWh of electricity in 2024, accounting for around 1.5% of the world’s total energy usage. The China Academy of Information and Communications Technology predicts that global computing demand will increase by more than 70 times in the next decade.
散热困难：芯片发热需要大量降温，这也就导致了能源的进一步消耗。
Cooling difficulties: Chips generate a lot of heat, which requires significant cooling efforts, further consuming energy.
而太空环境堪称“天然计算天堂”：
But space offers an ideal environment for computing:
散热无忧：太空背景温度接近绝对零度(-273℃)，太空设施可以利用深空的真空作为辐射散热场，真空环境天然解决千兆瓦级散热难题。
No cooling worries: Space temperatures approach absolute zero (-273°C)， and space-based facilities can use deep space’s vacuum to radiate heat. This natural vacuum environment solves the significant challenge of cooling for massive computing workloads.
能源充足：太空中太阳能辐射充足，轨道设施可以近乎24小时不间断接收太阳能，有望彻底解决地面设施对电网的巨大依赖。
Abundant energy: Space has plenty of solar radiation, and orbital facilities can receive nearly continuous solar energy 24 hours a day, potentially solving the dependency on ground-based power grids。
中国已抢跑：
从实验室到太空的“三步走”
China Leads the Way: A Three-Step Plan from Laboratory to Space
这个实验室并非“纸上谈兵”，中国在此领域已实现多个全球首次突破：
This laboratory is not just a theoretical concept—China has already made several groundbreaking global achievements in this field:
2025年5月：全球首个太空计算中心发射成功
May 2025: Successful launch of the world’s first space computing center
北京时间2025年5月14日12时12分，国星宇航、之江实验室携手在酒泉卫星发射中心使用长征二号丁运载火箭，成功将太空计算星座021任务12颗卫星发射升空，卫星顺利进入预定轨道，标志着全球首个太空计算卫星星座成功发射，开启全球“太空计算时代”新篇章。算力达5POPS(每秒5000万亿次运算)，星间激光通信速率最大可达100Gbps，星座组网后将形成全球最强的太空计算能力。
On May 14, 2025, at 12:12 PM Beijing time, Guoxing Aerospace and Zhijiang Laboratory successfully launched 12 satellites for the Space Computing Constellation 021 mission using the Long March 2D rocket from the Jiuquan Satellite Launch Center. These satellites successfully entered their designated orbits, marking the world’s first space computing satellite constellation, and ushering in a new era of global space computing. The constellation’s computing power reaches 5 POPS (500 quadrillion operations per second)， with inter-satellite laser communication speeds of up to 100 Gbps. Once fully networked, this constellation will have the strongest space computing capabilities in the world.
2025年9月：AI大模型在太空“跑起来”
September 2025: AI large models running in space
在2025年9月的外滩大会上，中国工程院院士王坚透露，“中国在太空计算领域的探索并非停留在概念阶段，而是已经完成了从技术验证到常态化运营的跨越。”这意味着，复杂的人工智能系统不仅能在太空稳定运行，还能自主处理图像、语音等任务。
At the Bund Summit in September 2025, Chinese Academy of Engineering academician Wang Jian revealed that “China’s exploration in space computing has moved beyond the conceptual stage and has already completed the leap from technological verification to regular operation”. This means that complex AI systems are not only running stably in space but are also capable of independently handling tasks like image and voice processing.
2026年1月：太空算力研讨会定调未来
January 2026: Space Computing Seminar Sets the Future Direction
在中国信通院主办的“星算·智联”研讨会上，国星宇航披露“星算”计划最终目标：到2035年前，完成2800颗计算卫星组网，形成覆盖全球的太空算力网络，服务自动驾驶、无人机、智能机器人等“硅基智能体”，这也是全球首个服务硅基智能体的太空算力网。
At the “Star Computing & Intelligent Connections” seminar organized by the China Academy of Information and Communications Technology, Guoxing Aerospace revealed the “Star Computing” plan’s ultimate goal: to complete the networking of 2,800 computing satellites by 2035, forming a global space computing network to serve silicon-based intelligent entities such as autonomous vehicles, drones, and intelligent robots. This will be the world’s first space computing network designed to support silicon-based intelligence.
未来已来：
太空算力将如何改变生活？
The Future is Here: How Will Space Computing Change Our Lives?
或许在不久的将来，这些场景将成为现实：
Perhaps, in the near future, we will see these scenarios become a reality:
灾害预警：卫星直接在太空分析台风、地震数据，提前48小时发布预警；
Disaster warning: Satellites directly analyze typhoon and earthquake data in space, issuing warnings 48 hours in advance.
智能交通：自动驾驶汽车通过太空算力实时规划路线，避免拥堵；
Smart transportation: Autonomous vehicles use space computing power to plan routes in real time, avoiding traffic jams.
元宇宙加速：海量虚拟场景数据在太空渲染，降低地面设备压力。
Metaverse acceleration: Massive virtual scene data is rendered in space, reducing the load on ground-based equipment.
从“东方红一号”到“天宫空间站”，再到如今的太空计算实验室，中国航天的每一步都走得坚实而有力。下一次，当你抬头望向星空时，或许会想起：那里不仅有浪漫的星辰，还有属于中国的“太空计算机”正在悄然运转。
From “Dong Fang Hong 1” to the “Tiangong Space Station”， and now to the Space Computing Laboratory, China’s space exploration has been steady and strong. The next time you look up at the stars, you may think of more than just the romantic twinkling lights—you might remember that China’s “space computer” is quietly working above us.
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